This section shows short videos of abnormal facial and ocular movement seen in my clinic. If you 
have problem viewing the videos, you may need to download Window Media Player by clicking 
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1. Facial nerve synkinesis  446KB ( The patient develops a right facial nerve synkinesis after 
     recovering from Ramsey-Hunt's syndrome. Note the winking of the right eye with mouth movement.) 

2. Hemifacial spasm  183KB ( This patient develops a left hemifacial spasm after recovering from a left 
     facial nerve palsy. She is also known to suffer from sarcoidosis. Note the contraction of the facial 
     muscles and eyelid closure. The patient has difficulty in opening the right eye.)

3. Blepharospasm. 1,488KB ( This patient complains of a two-year history of recurrent spasmodic 
      contraction of both eyelids which has got worse over the year. Slit-lamp examination of the anterior 
      segment is normal. The spasm is reduced with pre-tarsal botulinum toxin injection.)

4. Möbius's syndrome  608KB ( The patient has expressionless face and is unable to blow her 
     cheeks or frown. There is poor eyelid closure despite lateral tarsal strips and medial canthoplasties in 
     both eyes. The horizontal eye movement is restricted as shown by the need of the patient to move her 
     head in order to follow the finger. Vertical eye movement is normal. There is also wasting of the tongue 
     muscles.)

5. Möbius's syndrome and Poland's anomaly  640KB ( The patient has features similar to video  2. 
     In addition, she has micrognathia and Poland's anomaly which consists of congenital distal limb 
     abnormalities with syndactylism and amputation).

6. Congenital exotropia  570KB ( The patient has congenital exotropia with visual acuities of 6/60 
     in the  right eye and 6/6 in the left. She had has two previous operation to correct the right exotropia. 
     Cover tests show bilateral latent nystagmus worse in the right eye. The left eye also shows DVD - 
     dissociated vertical deviation. Ocular motility reveals A-pattern exotropia and right superior oblique 
     underaction.)

7. Partial third nerve palsy  722KB ( This patient developed a sudden onset right ptosis and diplopia.
     The pupil was spared. The third nerve palsy was attributed to her diabetes mellitus).

8. Third nerve palsy1,427KB(This patient who suffers from diabetes mellitus and hypertension develops
      a sudden onset right ptosis. Examination reveals that the right eye has limited movement in those muscles
      supplied by the third nerve. The pupil is not involved. The appearance is that of a medical thrid nerve 
      palsy.)

9. Left fourth nerve palsy  880 KB(This young girl has a abnormal head posture. The cover/uncover tests
     are normal with the head tilted.  But with the head in the primary position, there is a
     left over right. Ocular motility shows left inferior oblique overaction and poor depression of 
     the left eye in adduction.)

10. Sixth nerve palsy   1,066KB ( This patient presents with a sudden onset of diplopia. Examination 
       reveals a right convergent squint caused by a right abducent nerve palsy. Further investigation reveals
       that he has nasopharyngeal carcinoma.)