1. True statement about papilloma of the eyelid include: 

a. the majority of cases is caused by viral infection 

b. it is associated with malignant transformation in 
    20% of cases 

c. a central fibrovascular cord is a feature 

d. hyperkeratosis is a feature 

e. acanthosis is a feature 
 

Answera.F   b.F   c.T   d.T  e.T
Papilloma of the eyelid represents benign proliferation 
of the eyelids. It may be caused by viral infection but the majority is not associated with infection.
It is a benign condition and malignant transformation is uncommon. 

2. Focal thickening of the internal lens capsule (excrescence) occurs in: 

a. Down's syndrome 

b. Lowe's syndrome 

c. Marfan's disease 

d. aniridia 

e. Miller's syndrome 

Answera.T   b.T   c.F   d.T   e.T
Miller's syndrome is aniridia with Wilm's tumour.

3. The following pairings are correct: 

a. hamartoma - neurofibroma of the eyelid 

b. hamartoma - orbital dermoid 

c. choristoma - limbal dermoid 

d. choristoma - cavernous haemangioma 

e. choristoma - congenital hypertrophy of RPE 

Answera.T   b.F   c.T   d.F   e.F
Choristoma refers to the presence of normal tissue
in abnormal location. Orbital and limbal dermoids are examples of choristoma.
Hamartoma refers to exaggerated hypertrophy and 
hyperplasia of mature tissue in a normal location. Therefore, CHRPE and cavernous haemangioma are hamartomas. 

4. The following are true about gliosis: 

a. gliosis and not fibrosis is the main mechanism of repair 
    in optic nerve injury 

b. gliosis involves proliferation of oligodendrocytes 

c. gliosis involves proliferation of neuronal cells 

d. neovascularization is a prominent feature in gliosis. 

e. gliosis involves secretion of extracellular collagens 

Answera.T   b.F   c.F   d.F  e.F
Gliosis is the major repair mechanism following
injury to neural cells such as optic nerve and the
ganglion cells of the retina.
It involves proliferation of the astrocytes. 
Unlike fibrosis that involves the secretion of 
extracellular material in the form of collagen. 
Gliosis results in production of intracytoplasmic glial filaments. 

a

5. The following intraocular foreign bodies are well tolerated by the 
     eye: 

a. copper 

b. lead 

c. silver 

d. gold 

e. zinc 
 

Answera.F   b.T   c.T  d.F   e.F
Gold, platinum, silver, porcelain, glass and plastic are relatively inert and can therefore be tolerated.
Substances such as iron, copper, aluminium, nickel, 
zinc and lead can lead to intraocular inflammation 
(copper in particular can cause severe non-infectious 
suppurative endophthalmitis if the content of the IOFB is more than 85% copper .)