1.Name 10 structures of the orbital bone.


2- 4 histologies of a biopsy from eye lid lesion,
1st picture shows a histology of squamous cell carcinoma & 2nd is a magnification of it

• Name the labelled structures on the 2 pictures

The last 2 are from different patient, one with oil red o stain, & the second with GMS - Gomori methamine silver- stain which shows numerous black yeasts in a pale green background.

• Describe & what is the organism? (Cryptococcus)
   

3- A women with temporal arteritis biopsy, asking about 2 ocular complications, 2 other investigations for diagnosis, & describe what you see in three pictures


4- Magnifying lens diagram , what power give +4 magnification , 2 advantages & 2 disadvantages .

 

5- Compound microscope diagram, name 2 instruments use it, describe the image formed by it, why porro prism is used, ..


6- Transpose Right +3.50/+1.50axis 80 ;  Left -0.50/+1.50axis 100

• Into negative cylindrical lens

• In which axis the photoemulsification will be done, what is the problem of prescribing this in a two year child& describe the steps.

7- Three photos for spherical , chromatic & coma, asking 3 question for each, describe & what is the feature, how to avoid in the sph & chromatic, & mention one pathology make the third (coma)


8- OCT picture elevated cystic lesion+ fundoscopy picture

• What is the investigation?(OCT)

• Describe the abnormality shown? & in which retinal layer?(cystic appearance/ outer plexiform layer)

• Mention one possible diagnosis ?(cystoid macular oedema)
  Mention other three conditions can be diagnosed with this investigation?

 

9- Two Pictures of CT Scan of the head with a lesion may be the left occipital lobe, in one the image is brighter
Q: What is the investigation & what is the orientation of the image?
Describe the lesion? hypoattenuating defect in left occipital lobe, (2nd image same lesion but is hyperattenuating)
Why the difference between the 2 images?
What abnormalities of the visual field you expect? 4 marks
What the vascular lesion you expect? ( posterior cerebral artery)


10- Biometry but I think they said keratometry of person will undergo cataract surgery , just I remembered AL= 28.8

• What is the cylinder of the right eye,

• What is the myopia of the left eye &why

• What you advice for this pt refractive state

• Which is the steepest meridian

• What formula you will use & why

11- Humphrey perimetry (The Esterman test-DVLA),

• What is the investigation, & what is the programme used?

• Which eye is ploted?

• Is this patient passed the test & why?

• Is this test is reliable &why?
   

12- you need to test a new instrument for measuring proptosis , to test validity & precision, those prototypes 12, 13, 12, 15, 15, 16, 15

• What is the statistical name of the prototype to mean it valid & precise?

• Calculate the mean , median & mode?

• To study this instrument describe the way to test the reliability & validity of the prototype?

• Which test you will use for each method you mentioned in the previous answer