a. What is the retinoscopic finding if the optician, working at a 
     distance of 2/3 metre, find neutral motion in the 180⁰ meridian 
     with +2.25 DS and in the 90⁰ meridian with +3.00DS (expressed 
       in either plus or minus cylinder)?

b. What would be the effect of the retinoscopic findings (either
       too much plus or too little plus) of:

      i. patient looking at the examiner's face rather 
         than the distant target?

     ii. refracting close up to the patient?

    iii. refracting too far away from the patient?

 

Answer to a
+1.50 / -0.75 X 90  or
+0.75 / +0.75 X 180
 

Answer to b
i. too little plus
ii. too much plus
iii. too little plus
Looking at the examiner's face rather than the distant 
object will stimulate accommodation and therefore less plus lens is needed.
A shorter working distance means more power needs to be removed from the final retinoscopic result and therefore too much plus. It is the reverse for longer working distance.

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