1. Gorlin's syndrome:
a. Is present at birth
b. Causes corectopia
c. Is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion
d. Causes blindness in over 90% of sufferers
e. Can be treated with lamellar corneal grafts
a. Amyloidosis
b. Cystinosis
c. Gold treatment
d. Contact lens wear
e. Uraemia
a. Myxoid degeneration
b. Epithelial inclusion bodies
c. Precancerous changes
d. Squamous metaplasia of the epithleium
e. Elastotic degeneration
a. Dysplasia of the epithelium
b. Keratinisation
c. Eosinophils
d. Numerous goblet cells
e. Lymphocytic infiltrates
a. Is most common in the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Is associated with good prognosis
c. Is an APUD cell tumour
d. Is associated with ultraviolet exposure
e. Produces corneal pigmentation
a. Ghost cells
b. Giant cell reaction
c. Amyloid in the cornea
d. Vasculitis
e. Non-caseating granuloma
a. Intraouclar tumours
b. Metabolic disorders
c. Photosensitivity
d. Autosomal recessive inheritance
e. Squamous cell carcinoma
a. Lymphocytic infiltrates
b. Giant cell reaction
c. Muccopolysaccharides
d. Fat cells
e. Fibroblast proliferation
a. Chlamydia inclusion bodies stain with Giemsa
b. Osmium tetroxide is the stain used in electron microscopy
c. Fungi stain with Fuelgin's stain
d. Eosin stains the nuclei blue
e. Haematoxylin stains the nuclei pink
a. Is characterised by Dellen-Fuchs' nodule
b. Prevented by removal of the exciting eye within 6 weeks of injury
c. Pigment laden macrophages are diagnostic
d. Is associated with poliosis and vitiligo
e. Is a common cause of visual loss in traumatic eye injury
a. Exfoliation
b. Lipofuscin
c. Haemosiderin
d. Amyloidosis
e. Calcium
a. Histological diagnosis is based on fragmentation of the internal
intimal
b. C-reactive protein is always raised
c. Giant cell is needed for diagnosis
d. Anterior cerebral artery is often involved
e. Anaemia is a feature
a. Oncocytoma of the caruncle
b. Actinic keratosis
c. Bowen's disease
d. Squamous papilloma
e. Syringoma
a. Nerve fibre layers haemorrhage
b. Iris neovascularisation
c. Anterior uveitis
d. Vascular loop
e. Decreased hard exudate
a. Posterior scleritis
b. Loss of goblet cells in the conjunctiva
c. Episcleral necrotic tissue
d. Giant cell reaction
e. Vasculitis
a. Involvement of the optic nerve
b. Presence of calcification within the tumours
c. Necrosis within the tumours
d. Exophytic retinoblastoma
e. Presence of retinal detachment
a. Endothelial vascular proliferation
b. Proliferation of pericytes associated with microaneurysms
c. Deposition of calcium in the intima
d. Thickening of the basement membrane
e. Necrosis of the endothelium
a. Is associated with neurofibromatosis type I
b. Increased incidence after 30 years old
c. Majority is of pilocytic astrocytoma
d. Rarely infiltrate the perineural tissue
e. Mortality of 40%
a. Uveal effusion syndrome
b. Tuberculosis
c. Fuch's heterochromia cyclitis
d. Sarcoidosis
e. Fungal infection
a. Hair bulb for tyrosine positivity test is useful only when the child
is 5 years old
b. Is associated with platelets abnormality especially with aspirin
c. Complete decussation is invariable in all albinism
d. Is associated with thrombosis under general anaesthesia
e. Causes macular hypoplasia
a. Aniridia
b. Sturge-Weber syndrome
c. Albinism
d. Axial iris stromal abnormality
e. Von Hippel-Lindau's syndrome
a. See-saw nystagmus is associated with homonymous hemianopia
b. Down-beat nystagmus is associated with lesion in the foramen magnum
c. Manifest latent nystagmus occur in unilateral congenital cataract
d. Gaze-evoked nystagmus is specific for cerebellar lesion
e. Convergence retraction nystagmus is associated with mid-brain tumours
a. Contains plump black naevus cells
b. Metastasises to the brain
c. Is commoner in temperate than tropical countries
d. Does not cause optic nerve compression
e. Is associated with renal tumour
a. Is inherited in 50% of cases
b. Is caused by deletion of 11q14
c. Rosettes suggest good prognosis
d. There is an increased incidence of osteosarcoma
e. Causes death in 60% of sufferers in the UK
a. Muccopolysaccharides
b. Cholesterol
c. Amyloidosis
d. Uroprophyrin
e. Urate
a. Has a peak incidence of around 60 years
b. Has well-defined capsule
c. Spread through perineural tissue
d. Metastasise to the brain early
e. Causes mortality in over 90% of cases in the UK
a. Hyperdeviation on abduction and adduction
b. Began at 2 to 3 years old
c. Poor binocular single vision
d. Inferior recession is the treatment of choice
e. Highest incidence with congenital esotropia
a. Causes limited abduction and adduction
b. Widening of the palpebral fissure on abduction
c. Sixth nerve palsy is an associated problem
d. Causes head tilt more commonly than other types
e. Is associated with six cranial nerve nucleus aplasia
a. Should be treated with laser to prevent progression
b. Causes absolute scotoma
c. Is associated with water mark
d. Is bilateral in the majority of cases
e. Does not cause retinal detachment
a. Beta-blocker is contraindicated in primary heart block
b. Beta-blocker is contraindicated in those on nifedipine
c. Acetazolamide is contraindicated in allergy to sulphonamide
d. Acetazolamide needs potassium supplement
e. Latanoprost is contraindicated in patient with uveitis
a. Argon laser
b. Iodination
c. Topical acyclovir
d. Systemic acyclovir
e. Tarsorrhaphy
a. Pigmentary changes occurs in carriers
b. Carriers may have abnormal EOG
c. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant
d. Arginine free diet is beneficial
e. Central vision is lost early
a. Cockayne's syndrome
b. Alstrom's syndrome
c. Alport's syndrome
d. Usher's syndrome
e. Abetalipoproteinaemia
a. Ectodermal dysplasia
b. Ichythyosis
c. Refsum's syndrome
d. Macular dystrophy
e. Acanthoamoeba keratitis
a. Abetalipoproteinaemia and acanthocytosis
b. Refsum's disease is associated with cerebellar ataxia
c. Spinocerebellar ataxia in Friedrich's ataxia
d. Homocystinuria and recurrent deep vein thrombosis
e. Paget's disease and deafness
a. Down's syndrome
b. Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome
c. Marfan's syndrome
d. Usher's syndrome
e. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
a. Interstitial keratitis is a recognised feature
b. The infection is most infectious in the secondary stage
c. Causes secondary uveitis
d. Treatment is with procaine penicillin
e. May present with a rash which is highly infectious
a. Alcohol intoxication
b. Parkinsonism
c. Progressive supranuclear palsy
d. Myasthenia gravis
e. Hypothyroidism
a. 60% of patients develop glaucoma
b. Show a good response when treated with steroids
c. Lens implantation following cataract surgery is contraindicated
d. Hyphaema during cataract surgery is due to iris neovascularization
e. Is associated with iris transillumination
a. Is associated with posterior vitreous detachment
b. Is associated with myopia
c. Has a mobile posterior flap
d. Can be treated by cryotherapy, encirclement and a local scleral
buckle
e. Is commonest in the superior temporal quadrant
a. Is associated with pontine haemorrhages
b. Is only seen in comatose patients
c. Is associated with loss of doll's head movement
d. Is associated with glioblastoma
e. Occurs in bilateral cerebral infarction
a. Chest X-ray
b. ACE
c. Conjunctiva biopsy
d. Serum calcium
e. Gallium scan
a. There is absent or retarded pupil reactions to light and near
b. Most cases are bilateral
c. Commoner in male than female
d. Causes reduced or absent accommodation
e. Constricts with 2.5% methacholine
a. Optic nerve avulsion
b. Due to blunt trauma
c. Orbital apex syndrome with third nerve palsy
d. Topical application of atropine
e. Siderosis bulbi
a. Typically presents in the fourth decade of life
b. Males do not transmit the disease
c. Usually affect the males more than the females
d. Is inherited in autosomal X-link fashion
e. The optic disc is pale early in the disease
a. Bilateral in the majority of cases
b. Hypofluorescence in early stage of fluorescein angiography
c. Spontaneous recovery is common
d. 80% of patients have exudative vasculitis
e. Anterior uveitis is a prominent feature
a. Abnormalities recorded on the Amsler's chart are uncommon
b. Often shows focal leakage on fluorescein fundus photography
c. A macular hole is a common end result
d. The image perceived by the patient on the affected side in unilateral
cases is bigger than on the normal side
e. A dense central scotoma is the most common presentation
a. Caused by copper in the Bowman's membrane
b. Has brown-green, grey or orange colour
c. Decreases with D-penicllamine treatment
d. Can occur with copper intraocular foreign body
e. Starts at 3 and 9 O'clock
a. Host epithelium
b. Host endothelium
c. Host keratocytes
d. Host basement and descemet's membrane
e. Host nerves
a. Is usually unilateral
b. Eosinophil is common in the papillae
c. Can be of limbal type alone
d. Is commoner in adult than children
e. Causes corneal melt
a. Protanopia
b. Congenital retinoschisis
c. Sturge-Weber's syndrome
d. Neurofibromatosis type II
e. Blue cone achromatopsia
a. Has equal sex incidence
b. Caused by peripheral neovascularization
c. Is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
d. Causes rhegmatogenous detachment
e. Can be treated with laser
a. Xanthophll absorb green light
b. Diode laser penetrate vitreous haemorrhage
c. Argon blue-green is commonly used for grid laser
d. YAG laser produces red colour
e. Ophthalmic laser is classified as type I laser
a. Positive staphylococcus bacteria
b. Purulent exudates
c. Vascular occlusion
d. Lymphoblasts
e. Eosinophils
a. Keratoconus
b. Fuch's dystrophy
c. Acute glaucoma
d. Lattice dystrophy
e. Congenital glaucoma
a. Sphincter paralysis
b. Cataract
c. Ectopia uvea
d. Posterior subcapsular cataract
e. Recurrent corneal erosion
a. A step on the orbital rim is palpable
b. Adduction problem occur
c. Surgical emphysema is a recognised feature
d. Immediate treatment is important
e. Decreased sensation at the tip of the nose is common
a. Caused elongated ciliary muscles
b. Angle closure glaucoma is a recognised feature
c. Optic disc abnormality is seen
d. Causes microphthalmic eye
e. Visual prognosis is good if treated early
a. Is frequently associated with retinal detachment
b. Causes vitreous haemorrhage
c. Has poor visual prognosis
d. Causes cyclitic membrane
e. Has a peak incidence at the fifth decade