Past MRCOphth/MRCS questions: 6
1. In corneal grafts:
a. anterior synechia increases the chances of rejection
b. specific allograft rejection often occurs within 2 weeks 
    of transplantation if the host cornea is vascularized
c. graft failure during the first 2 weeks may be due to 
    reactivation of herpes simplex
d. topical steroids have a lympholytic effect on killer 
    lymphocytes which are responsible for endothelial 
    rejection
e. subepithelial infiltrates, epithelial oedema and keratitic 
    precipitates are signs of rejection


2. The following are true about anti-glaucoma drugs:

a. pilocarpine reduces production of aqueous by exerting 
    an inhibitory action on the ciliary epithelium
b. sympathomimetics reduce intraocular pressure by 
    increasing uveal scleral outflow
d. carbachol increases aqueous outflow via the trabecular 
    meshwork thereby lowering intraocular pressure
d. pilocarpine induced miosis begins 5-10 minutes after 
    instillation and lasts 4-8 hours
e. echothiophate iodide has accommodation spasm, 
    cataractogenicity, iris cysts and retinal detachment 
    side-effects.


3. With regard to the cranial nerves:

a. trochlear nerve paralysis may be idiopathic in 1/3 of 
    cases
b. trochlear nerve paralysis is commonly caused by 
    diabetes mellitus
c. abducens nerve paralysis is frequently caused by 
    diabetes mellitus
d. the tricolour nerve is more frequently damaged by 
    neoplasms than the abducens nerve
e. trochlear nerve paralysis, can be caused by intracranial 
    aneurysms. 


4. In the treatment of retinoblastoma:

a. reduction of the total dose given by avoiding usage of 
    supervoltage equipment reduces the complications of 
    irradiation
b. Group III B tumours should be enucleated
c. gold spheres should be used after enucleation as 
    adjunctive radiotherapy may be required.
d. CNS spread of tumour treated with intrathecal 
     methotrexate can result in subacute 
     leukoencephalopathy
e. external beam irradiation results in posterior 
    subcapsular cataract in 20% of cases


5. In cataract surgery:

a. phacoemulsification has the advantage of a smaller 
    section resulting in less astigmatism
b. YAG capsulotomy for thickened posterior capsule can 
    result in retinal detachment
c. uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema syndrome is an early 
    post-operative complication of cataract extraction
d. with the rule astigmatism is associated with loose 
    sutures
e. the extracapsular technique can cause sensitization 
    to the endothelial cells resulting in corneal 
    decompensation


6. Temporal lobe tumours:

a. causes homonymous hemianopia
b. are associated with formed visual hallucinations
c. may present with psychomotor epilepsy
d. may cause Foster-Kennedy syndrome
e. may cause ataxic nystagmus


7. Optic nerve glioma:

a. is more common in children than in adults
b. originates form the myelin sheath of the optic nerve 
    fibres
c. causes erosion of the optic foramen margin which is 
    demonstratable radiologiacally
d. causes loss of vision early
e. causes axial proptosis


8. Sturge-Weber's syndrome is:

a. associated with adenoma sebaceum
b. associated with unilateral congenital glaucoma
c. associated with retinal capillary haemangioma
d. autosomal; dominant
e. associated with intracranial calcifications


9. Parinaud's syndrome consists of:

a. ataxia
b. vertical gaze paralysis
c. pupillary areflexia to light
d. optic atrophy
e. convergence weakness


10. The following may be causes of unilateral oculomotor 
       palsy with pupil involvement:

a. migraine
b. herpes zoster
c. myasthenia gravis
d. diabetes mellitus
e. posterior communicating artery aneurysm.
 
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