Test 62 (pathology)

1. Hyperplasia:

a. results in increased cell size

b. results in increased cell numbers

c. occurs in corneal endothelium

d. occurs in retinal pigment epithelium

e. occurs in myocardium

Answera.T    b.T    c.F    d.T    e.F
Hyperplasia results in increased numbers of cell and cell size.
It does not occurs in endothelium or the myocardium; these cells can not regenerate.
 

2. Amyloid:

a. occurs in chronic inflammatory disorders

b. occurs in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

c. is a basophilic substance which can be stained with 
    Congo red

d. weakens the walls of blood vessels

e. causes renal failure

Answera.T    b.T    c.F   d.T   e.T
Amyloid is eosinophilic
Amyloid can cause weakening of the blood vessels leading to easy rupture of the blood vessels.
The main cause of death is either renal or cardiac failure.

3. The following are true about hamartoma:

a. is usually present at birth

b. contains cells from all three germ layers

c. does not predispose to malignancy

d. contains metaplastic cell types

e. adenoma sebaceum seen in tuberous sclerosis is a type 
    of hamartoma

Answera.T   b.F    c.T    d.F    e.T
Teratoma contains cells from all three germ layers.
The cells in hamartoma are normal.
Hamartoma is benign and usually present at birth but may appear in later life.
 

4. The following conditions predispose the squamous cell carcinoma:

a. solar keratosis

b. Bowen's disease

c. chronic eczema

d. chronic ulceration

e. keratoacanthoma

Answera.T   b.T   c.F   d.T   e.F
The histology of keratoacanthoma may resemble squamous cell carcinoma but it does not predispose to squamous cell carcinoma.
 

5. In sickle cell disease:

a. the disorder is a single gene disorder

b. carrier has normal blood test

c. the abnormalities involves the alpha chain of the globin 
    molecule

d. there is absence of HbA

e. sickle cell crisis does not affect carrier of the disease

Answera.T   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.F
In sickle cell disease, HbA is replaced by HbS.
HbS has a valine in place of glutamic acid in the sixth amino acid residue of beta globin molecule.
In deep general anaesthesia, reduced oxygen in the blood can lead to sickle cell crisis in carrier. Therefore it is important to screen patients at risk of sickle cell genes.