General physiology
        General physiology covers a wide range of topics (see the syllabus) and provides the examiners ample opportunities to set questions on any topics. It is important to revise common topics such as the cardiovascular system and nervous system wee as Paper 2 had been known to contain more than 25% of general physiology. To improve your understanding and memory on the subjects, candidates are recommended to do multiple choice questions on physiology such as MCQs in Basic and Clinical Physiology by Dom Colbert, Oxford Press after revising each system.
         
          • Hormones
            • thyroxine
              insulin
              glucagon
              secretin
              gastrin
              oestrogen
              somatostatin
              aldosterone
              corticosteroid
              antidiuretic hormone
              hypothalamus-pituitary axis
           
          • Nervous system
            • stretch reflex
              action potential
              myelination
              synapses
              neuromuscular junction
              various receptors
              including alpha and beta receptors
              nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
           
          • Cardiovascular system
            • innervation
              ECG and cardiac conduction
              Cardiac output
              central venous pressure
              distribution of plasma volume
              measurement of different body compartments
              oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
              blood supply to various to various body organs
              Respiratory system
              airway resistance
              stimulation for ventilation
              respiratory quotients
               
          • Gastrointestinal system
            • secretin
              gastrin
              H1 receptors
              chymotrypsin
               
          • Renal system
            • glomerular filtration
              renal clearance
              action of various hormones on kidneys
              use of inulin in renal function tests
           
          • Electrolytes
            • hyperkalaemia
              hypercalcaemia
              high creatinine level
              acidosis
              alkalosis
           
          • Blood
            • ABO
              Rhesus
              Coagulation cascades
               
         
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