Test 179  (Miscellaneous)

1. Drugs that should be avoided in renal failure include: 

a. nalidixic acid

b. chloramphenicol

c. erythromycin

d. tetracycline

e. fusidic acid
 

Answera.T   b.F  c.F   d.T  e.F
Nalidixic acid and tetracycline can exacerbate renal 
failure and should be avoided. Chloramphenicol causes bone marrow suppression. Erythromycin causes cholestatic jaundice and fusidic acid is hepatoxic.

2. Vancomycin:

a. is a glycopeptide

b. is produced by a fungus

c. is bacteriostatic in action

d. should not be given intravitreally due to the risk of 
    retinal necrosis

e. causes hypotension is given rapidly by intravenous route
 

Answera.T  b.T  c.F  d.F  e.T
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide produced by the Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits cell wall synthesis 
and is bactericidal. It is given intravitreally for 
post-operative endophthalmitis. Rapid intravenous 
injection can cause the red man syndrome characterized by hypotension, urticaria, wheezing and flushing of the upper trunk.
 
 

3. In patients who are HIV positive:

a. Toxoplasma gondii causes encephalitis and brain 
    abscess

b. Cryptococcus neoforman is an important cause of
    diarrhoea

c. Candida spp usually infects the oropharynx

d. Pneumocystic carnii is an important cause of 
    pneumonia

e. multiple recurrent Molluscum contagiosum of the face 
   is common
 

Answer
a.T   b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
Cryptococcus neoforman is an important cause of meningitis.

 

. 4. The following are correct:

a. sterilization is the killing of all organisms including spores

b. prior to cataract surgery, the eye is sterilized with
    chemical solution

c. disinfection does not involve the removal of the spores

d. decontamination is the removal of infective organisms 
    only 

e. decontamination can be achieved by thorough 
    scrubbing and washing
 

Answer
a.T  b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
During cataract surgery, the eye is cleaned with iodine 
or chlorhexidine to reduce the risk of bacteria. Spores and some commensals may not be removed.

5. Sterilization can be achieved with:

a. boiling in water for 10 minutes

b. gamma irradiation

c. moist heat at 134⁰C for 3 minutes at 202kPa

d. ethylene chamber

e. dry heat at 150-170⁰C for 20-30 minutes
 

Answer
a.F   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
.

 

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